A team of international academics have unveiled research findings that deliver new ways of targeting disease and refining treatments following the identification of proteins in human cells.
Researchers from Centre for Molecular Biology at the University of Heidelberg and from the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Leicester – backed by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK and the Association for International Cancer Research – have published their work on Nature Cell Biology's website. Heidelberg's Professor Elmar Schiebal explained: "Our study describes novel and important insights into a key process involved in cell division. This work suggests novel approaches to the targeted treatment of cancer.
Professor Andrew Fry, who led the University of Leicester team, added: "This is an exciting new development that offers potential for finding news ways of inhibiting unregulated cell division which is a characteristic of cancer and we are already working with colleagues in Newcastle and London to develop this research."
Fry explained: "When cells divide they must accurately separate their genetic material on a scaffolding structure called the mitotic spindle. As cells divide in two, the mitotic spindle scaffold has two poles, or ends, to which the genetic material, carried on chromosomes, must separate.
"The poles of the spindle are generated by a pair of structures called centrosomes, which are normally held in close proximity in cells, but which at the start of cell division move to opposite ends of the cell. Failure of centrosome separation blocks division of cells and can ultimately lead to cell death.
"Our research has identified new proteins that control centrosome separation as well as assessing the relative contributions of these together with previously described regulators. Importantly, this work suggests exciting new approaches to the targeted treatment of diseases characterised by deregulated cell division, such as cancer, as inhibitors of centrosome separation have the potential to prevent uncontrolled cell proliferation.
"Moreover, combining drugs against different regulators may reduce cytotoxic side effects by allowing reduced concentrations of each inhibitor to be used in patients."